| In
this section: AGENCY | AGRICULTURE | AIRCRAFT | COMPETITION | CONFLICT OF LAWS
| CONSUMER PROTECTION | COPYRIGHT | DATA PROTECTION | DISCRIMINATION | EMPLOYMENT | EUROPEAN COMMUNITY | ENVIRONMENT | EUROPEAN COURT OF JUSTICE | EVIDENCE | HEALTH AND SAFETY | INSOLVENCY | PRACTICE | REVENUE | TRADE
MARK |
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| AGENCY |
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| AGRICULTURE |
Fisheries — Fishing licences — Obligation to withdraw licences of vessels “subject to definite withdrawal of fishing activities” — Whether applying to transfer of vessels to third country under international agreement — Whether obligation entailing non-reuse of licences withdrawn — Council Regulation (EC) No 3690/93, art 5
Commission of the European Communities v United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (Case C-64/04)
[2007] WLR (D) 118
29/03/07
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| AIRCRAFT |
Carriage by air — Provisions on carriers’ obligation to compensate and assist passengers in event of cancellation or delay of flights — Validity — Regulation (EC) No 261/2004, arts 5–7
R (International Air Transport Association and European Low Fares Airline Association) v Department for Transport (Case C-344/04)
[2006] WLR (D) 1
10/01/06
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| COMPETITION |
Restriction or distortion of competition — Anti-competitive agreement — Lawful agreement by dealers to comply with manufacturer’s instructions — Issue of anti-competitive instructions — Whether capable of being authorised by agreement
Commission of the European Communities v Volkswagen AG (Case C-74/04P)
[2006] WLR (D) 185
13/07/06
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| CONFLICT
OF LAWS |
Jurisdiction under European Regulation — Several defendants — Action by ex-employee against former employers domiciled in different member states — Whether possible for both employers to be sued in same state — Council Regulation (EEC) No 44/2001, art 6(1), Section 5 of Chapter II
Glaxosmithkline and another v Rouard (Case C-462/06); [2008] WLR (D) 172
[2008] WLR (D) 172
22/05/08
Jurisdiction under EC Regulation — Matrimonial matters — Divorce respondent not EC national or resident — Courts of petitioner’s member state having jurisdiction under law of that state — Whether ousted by another member state having jurisdiction under Regulation — Council Regulation (EC) No 2201/2003 on jurisdiction and enforcement of judgments in matrimonial matters (as amended by Council Regulation (EC) No 2116/2004) (“Regulation 2201/2003”), arts 6, 7
Sundelind Lopez v Lopez Lizazo (Case C-68/07)
[2007] WLR (D) 322
29/11/07
Jurisdiction under European Regulation — Several defendants — Jurisdiction in domicile of any defendant if connected claims — Whether necessary for claims to have same legal base — Relevance of claimant’s objective to oust jurisdiction of one state — Council Regulation (EC) No 44/2001 on jurisdiction and recognition and enforcement of judgments, art 6(1)
Freeport plc v Arnoldsson (Case C-98/06)
- [2008] 2 WLR 853
11/10/07
Jurisdiction under European Convention — Place of performance of contractual obligation in sale of goods — Place where goods delivered — Applicability in case of delivery to several places in one contracting state — Regulation (EC) No 44/2001 on jurisdiction and the enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters, art 5(1)(b)
Color Drack GmbH v Lexx International Vertriebs GmbH (Case C-386/05)
[2007] WLR (D) 117
03/05/07
Jurisdiction under European Convention — Special rule for multiple defendants — Action against one defendant barred — Whether proceeding in that state against defendant domiciled in another state precluded thereby — Regulation (EEC) No 44/2001, art 6(1)
Reisch Montage AG v Kiesel Baumaschinen Handels GmbH (Case C-103/05)
[2006] WLR (D) 184
13/07/06
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Consumer credit — Consumer’s right to pursue remedies against grantor of credit — Whether permissible to subject right to condition that goods or services be named in credit offer — Whether right only available for single-transaction credit or also for multi-purpose credit facility — Council Directive 87/102/EEC, art 11(2)
Rampion and another v Franfinance SA and another (Case C-429/05)
[2007] WLR (D) 253
04/10/07
Unfair contract term — Failure to raise unfair-term issue in arbitration proceedings — Whether estoppel from raising issue in challenge to arbitration decision —Council Directive 93/13/EEC, arts 6, 7
Mostaza Claro v Centro Móvil Milenium SL (Case C-168/05)
- [2007] Bus LR 60
26/10/06
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| COPYRIGHT |
Broadcast — Authors’ rights over communications to the public — Whether transmission of signal by means of television sets in hotel rooms “communication to the public” — Council Directive 2001/29/EC, art 3(1)
Sociedad General de Autores y Editores de España v Rafael Hoteles SA (Case C-306/05) - [2007] Bus LR 521
7/12/06
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| DATA PROTECTION |
Personal data — Access request — Data in EC Commission document — Conditions for refusing access — European Parliament and Council Regulation (EC) No 1049/2001, arts 4(1)(b), 6(1) — European Parliament and Council Regulation (EC) No 45/2001, art 8(b)
Bavarian Lager Co Ltd (supported by European Data Protection Supervisor) v Commission of the European Communities (Case T-194/04)
[2007] WLR (D) 292
8/11/07
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| DISCRIMINATION |
Race — Employment — Public statement of recruitment policy containing racial bias — No identifiable complainant — Whether discrimination under Community Directive — Possibility for employer to prove no breach of equal treatment principle — Sanctions for breach — Council Directive 2000/43/EC, arts 2(2)(a), 8(1), 15
Centrum voor gelijkheid van kansen en voor racismbestrijding v Firma Feryn NV (Case C-54/07)
[2008] WLR (D) 234, ECJ
10/07/08
Age — Employment conditions — Enforced retirement of employee at age 65 — Whether within unequal treatment in EC Directive — Whether justified by objective of regulating employment over generations — Council Directive 2000/78, arts 2, 6(1)
Palacios de la Villa v Cortefiel Servicios SA (Case C-411/05)
[2007] WLR (D) 260
16/10/07
Disability — Employment — Dismissal of employee on grounds of sickness — Whether within EC Directive on equal treatment in employment — Council Directive 2000/78/EC
Chacón Navas v Eurest Colectividades SA (Case C-13/05)
[2006] WLR (D) 179
Sex — Equal treatment — Pension — Refusal of pension to male-to-female transsexual on ground of not having attained male pensionable age — Whether unlawful discrimination — Council Directive 79/7/EEC, art 4(1)
Richards v Secretary of State for Work and Pensions (Case C-423/04)
[2006] WLR (D) 109
27/04/06
Sex
— Equal pay — Maternity leave — Pregnancy-related illness of employee
subject to general sick-leave scheme — Absence offset against days of paid
leave provided for in general scheme — Whether sex discrimination —
Art 141 EC — Council Directive 75/117/EEC
North
Western Health Board v McKenna (Case C-191/03)
- [2006] ICR 477
8/09/05
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EMPLOYMENT | Unfair dismissal — Pregnancy — Dismissal between in vitro fertilisation and implantation of fertilised ova — Whether dismissal of “pregnant worker” — Whether dismissal contrary to equal treatment principle — Council Directive 76/207/EEC, arts 2(1), 5(1) — Council Directive 92/85/EEC, art 10(1)
Mayr v Bäckerei und Konditorei Gerhard Flöckner OHG (Case C-506/06): WLR (D) 63
WLR (D) 63
26/02/08
Employer’s insolvency — Company pension schemes — Community law obligation of member states to protect scheme members’ rights — Whether requiring full guarantee of underfunded schemes — Member states’ liability if breach of obligation — Council Directive 80/987/EEC, art 8
Robins and others v Secretary of State for Work and Pensions (Case C-278/05)
[2007] WLR (D) 7
24/01/07
Equal pay — Work of equal value — Pay differentiation depending on length of service — Whether discriminatory — EC Treaty, art 141 EC
Cadman v Health and Safety Executive (Equal Opportunities Commission, intervener) (Case C-17/05)
[2006] WLR (D) 235
03/10/06
Working time provisions — Annual leave — Rolled-up holiday pay — Whether contrary to Community law — Council Directive 93/104/EC, art 7
Robinson-Steele v RD Retail Services Ltd (Case C-131/04)
Clarke v Frank Staddon Ltd;
Caulfield and others v Hanson Clay Products Ltd (Case C-257/04)
[2006] WLR (D) 74
16/03/06
Transfer
of undertaking — Transfer of rights and obligations in employment relationship
"existing on the date of a transfer" — Whether "date of a
transfer" point in time or capable of being spread over time — Council
Directive 77/187/EEC, art 3(1)
Celtec
Ltd v Astley and others (Case C-478/03)
- [2006] 1 WLR 2420
26/05/05
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| ENVIRONMENT |
Waste — “Polluter pays” principle — Coast polluted by heavy fuel oil spilled at sea — Whether oil “waste” — Liability for cost of anti-pollution measures — Council Directive 75/442/EEC (as amended by Commission Decision 96/350/EC), arts 1, 15
Commune de Mesquer v Total France SA and another (Case C-188/07)
[2008] WLR (D) 206
24/06/08
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| EUROPEAN
COMMUNITY | Free competition — Restriction or distortion of competition — Contribution by consultancy firm to cartel between producers — Firm not contracting party to cartel — Whether capable of infringement of competition law — EC Treaty, art 81
AC-Treuhand AG v Commission of the European Communities (Case T-99/04); [2008] WLR (D) 229
[2008] WLR (D) 229
08/07/08
Institutions — Public right of access to documents — Legal advice exception — Whether automatically applicable to legal opinions in legislative process — Whether transparency an overriding public interest — Parliament and Council Regulation (EC) No 1049/2001, art 4(2)
Kingdom of Sweden and another v Council of the European Union (Joined Cases C-39 and 52/05P); [2008] WLR (D) 215
[2008] WLR (D) 215
01/07/08
Institutions — Public right of access to documents — Request by member state not to disclose document originating from that state — Whether institution bound to comply with request — Parliament and Council Regulation (EC) No 1049/2001, art 4(5)
Kingdom of Sweden and others v Commission of the European Communities and others (Case C-64/05P)
[2007] WLR (D) 341
18/12/07
Television broadcasting — Limitation on broadcasting time for teleshopping and TV advertising — Opportunity to participate in game by premium rate telephone call — Whether “teleshopping” or “television advertising” — Council Directive 89/552 EEC on TV broadcasting activities (as amended by Directive 97/36/EC; “Directive 89/552), arts 1(c), (f)
Kommunikationsbehörde Austria v Österreichischer Rundfunk (Case C-195/06)
[2007] WLR (D) 268
18/10/07
Free competition — Restriction or distortion of competition — Fine imposed by EC Commission — Amount not to exceed 10% of turnover in “preceding business year” — Business year Commission entitled to refer to — Council Regulation No 17, art 15(2)
Britannia Alloys & Chemicals Ltd v Commission of the European Communities (Case C-76/06P)
[2007] WLR (D) 159
07/06/07
Environment — Waste — Leakage of untreated sewage from sewage system — Whether escaped sewage “waste” within EC Directive — Waste water excluded from Directive when covered by lex specialis — Requirements for lex specialis to apply — Council Directive 75/442/EEC on waste (as amended by Council Directive 91/156/EEC) (“Directive 75/442”), arts 1(a), 2
R (Thames Water Utilities Ltd) v South East London Division, Bromley Magistrates’ Court (Environment Agency, interested party) (Case C-252/05)
[2007] WLR (D) 125
10/05/07
Institutions — Public right of access to documents — Whether entailing duty on institutions to draw up documentation of activities — Whether public having right to information not contained in documents
WWF European Policy Programme v Council of the European Union (supported by Commission of the European Communities, intervener) (Case T-264/04)
[2007] WLR (D) 108
25/04/07
Freedom of movement — Rights of entry and residence — Residence application by non-EC relative of entitled person — Condition of dependence on entitled person — Meaning of “dependence” — Council Directive 73/148/EEC, art 1(1)(d)
Jia v Migrationsverket (Case C-1/05)
[2007] WLR (D) 1
9/01/07
Freedom of establishment — Lawyers — Practice in another member state — Examination of proficiency in host state’s language condition of registration — Whether permissible — Directive 98/5/EC, art 3
Wilson v Ordre des avocats du barreau de Luxembourg (Case C-506/04)
[2006] WLR (D) 233
19/09/06
Social security — Unemployment benefit — Condition of residence in member state — Whether contrary to EU citizens’ freedom of movement and residence — EC Treaty, art 18 EC
De Cuyper v Office national de l’emploi (Case C-406/04)
[2006] WLR (D) 188
18/07/06
Social security — Medical treatment in another member state — United Kingdom resident receiving hospital treatment in France after refusal by NHS of authorisation — Whether refusal justifiable — Whether patient entitled to reimbursement of costs of treatment — EC Treaty, art 49 EC — Council Regulation (EEC) No 1408/71 (as amended), art 22
R (Watts) v Bedford Primary Care Trust and another (Case C-372/04)
[2006] WLR (D) 129
16/05/06
Environment — Environmental impact assessment — Two-stage planning procedure — Impact assessment only possible at first stage under national law — Whether contrary to EC law — Council Directive 85/337/EEC, arts 2(1), 4(2)
R (Barker) v Bromley London Borough Council (Case C-290/03)
- [2006] WLR (D) 117
4/05/06
Consumer protection — Liability for defective products — Limitation period — Product supplied by subsidiary of parent manufacturer — Whether “put into circulation” by subsidiary — Council Directive 85/374/EEC, art 11
O’Byrne v Sanofi Pasteur MSD Ltd and another (Case C-127/04)
[2006] 1 WLR 1606
9/02/06
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| EUROPEAN
COURT OF JUSTICE |
Reference to — Obligation to refer — Case raising argument for invalidity of Community act — Whether requirement to make reference to Court of Justice — EC Treaty, art 234
R (International Air Transport Association and European Low Fares Airline Association) v Department for Transport (Case C-344/04)
[2006] WLR(D) 1
10/01/06
Court
of First Instance — Practice — Action for annulment — EC Commission's
refusal to act against member state for alleged anti-competitive measure relating
to public undertaking — Whether judicially reviewable — EC Treaty, art
90(3) (art 86(3) EC)
Commission
of the European Communities v T-Mobile Austria GmbH (Case C-141/02P)
[2005] WLR (D) 18
22/02/05
| | EVIDENCE | Witness
— Examination abroad — Taking of evidence before proceedings issued
— Purpose only to assess strength of case — Whether permissible under
European Convention — Whether "provisional … protective measure"
— Brussels Convention on Jurisdiction and the Enforcement of Judgments in
Civil and Commercial Matters 1968 (as amended by Accession Conventions of 1978,
1982, 1989 and 1996), art 24
St
Paul Dairy Industries NV v Unibel Exser BVBA (Case C-104/03)
[2005] WLR (D) 42
28/04/05
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Employer’s duty — Duty under EC Directive to ensure workers’ safety and health in all work aspects — UK legislation imposing duty “so far as is reasonably practicable” — Whether Directive requiring no-fault liability — Whether UK legislation contrary to Directive — Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974, s 2(1) — Council Directive 89/391/EEC on safety and health of workers at work, art 5
Commission of the European Communities v United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (Case C-127/05)
[2007] WLR(D) 164
14/06/07
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| INSOLVENCY |
Jurisdiction — Parent company and subsidiary in different member states — Conflicting decisions purporting to open insolvency proceedings — Criteria for regulation — Council Regulation (EC) No 1346/2000, arts 3(1), 16(1), 26
In re Eurofood IFSC Ltd (Case C-341/04)
[2006] WLR (D) 110
2/05/06
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| PRACTICE |
Foreign judgment — Order for enforcement — Time limit for appealing fixed from date of service — Whether possible to run from date of actual notice of order in case of defective service — Brussels Convention 1968, art 36
Verdoliva v JM van der Hoeven BV (Case C-3/05)
[2006] WLR (D) 38
16/02/06
Documents — Service between EU member states — Service through agencies and other methods of service — Whether one method taking precedence — Date of service when two methods used — Council Regulation (EC) No 1348/2000
Plumex v Young Sports NV (Case C-473/04)
[2006] WLR (D) 30
9/02/06
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| REVENUE | Value added tax — Intra-Community acquisition and supply — Whether supply only if physical movement of goods between Member States — Whether innocent supplier liable for VAT if fraudulent non-transfer of goods between States — Sixth VAT Council Directive 77/388/EEC (as amended by Council Directive 91/680/EEC; “the Sixth Directive”), arts 28a, 28c(A)(a)
R (Teleos and others) v Customs and Excise Commissioners (Case C-409/04)
[2007] WLR (D) 243
27/09/07
Customs and excise — Excise duties — Exemption for mineral oils used for “navigation within Community waters” — Meaning of “community waters” — Whether “navigation” including dredging operations — Council Directive 92/81/EEC on excise duties on mineral oils (as amended by Council Directive 94/74/EC) (“Directive 92/81”), art 8(1)(c)
Jan De Nul NV v Hauptzollamt Oldenburg (Case C-391/05)
[2007] WLR (D) 45
01/03/07
Income tax — Dividends — Dividends received from company established in another member state — Deduction at source of tax in company’s state not taken into account on taxation in resident’s state — Whether contrary to free movement of capital — EC Treaty, art 73b(1) (art 56(1) EC)
Kerckhaert and another v Belgische Staat (Case C-513/04)
[2006] WLR (D) 276
14/11/06
Corporation tax — Profits, computation of — Taxation of subsidiary’s profits in hands of parent only when subsidiary established in different country from parent and lower tax rate in that country — Whether contrary to freedom of establishment — EC Treaty, arts 43, 48 EC
Cadbury Schweppes plc and another v Commissioners of Inland Revenue (Case C-196/04) -
[2007] Ch 30; [2006] 3 WLR 890
12/09/06
Value added tax — Exemptions — Betting and lotteries —
Call centre taking telephone bets on behalf of betting organiser — Whether activity exempt — Sixth VAT Council Directive 77/388/EEC, art 13(B)(f)
United Utilities plc v Customs and Excise Commissioners (Case C-89/05)
[2006] WLR (D) 180
13/07/08
Value added tax — Chargeability — Person knowing or suspecting that transaction affected by fraud — Whether joint and several liable with principal taxpayer for payment of VAT imposable — Whether requirement to provide security imposable — Sixth Council VAT Directive 77/388/EEC (as amended by Council Directives 2000/65/EC and 2001/115/EC) (“the Sixth Directive”), arts 21, 22(8)
Federation of Technological Industries and others v Customs and Excise Commissioners and another (Case C-384/04)
[2006] WLR (D) 126
11/05/06
Value added tax — Chargeability of VAT — Tax chargeable on receipt of payment in case of payment on account before goods delivered — Whether applicable to prepayment for unascertained goods — Council Directive 77/388/EEC, art 10(2)
BUPA Hospitals Ltd and another v Customs and Excise Commissioners (Case C-419/02)
- [2006] Ch 446; [2006] 2 WLR 964
21/02/06
Tax avoidance — Value added tax — Transaction designed solely for tax avoidance — Whether involving “economic activity” and “supply” — Abusive practices — Council Directive 77/338/EEC, arts 2(1), 4, 5(1), 6(1)
Halifax plc and others v Customs and Excise Commissioners (Case C-255/02)
University of Huddersfield Higher Education Corporation v Same (Case C-223/03)
- [2006] Ch 387; 2006] 2 WLR 905
21/02/06
Value added tax — Rate of tax — Reduced rate applied to auctioneers’ commission on sale of temporarily imported works of art — Whether contrary to EC law — Sixth VAT Council Directive 77/388/EEC (as amended)
Commission of the European Communities v United Kingdom (Case C-305/03)
[2006] WLR (D) 31
9/02/06
Value added tax — Deductibility of input tax — Fraud in one of series of transactions — Whether innocent trader in another transaction in series deprived of right of deduction — Council Directive 77/308/EEC ( as amended), arts 2(1), 4, 5(1)
Optigen Ltd and others v Customs and Excise Commissioners (Joined Cases C-354, 355 and 484/03 - [2006] 2 WLR 456
12/01/06
Corporation tax — Group relief — Losses by subsidiary in another EU
member state not deductible from parent's profits — Whether contrary to freedom
of establishment — EC Treaty, arts 43, 48
Marks
& Spencer plc v Halsey (Inspector of Taxes) (Case C-446/03)
- [2006] Ch 184; [2006] 2 WLR 250
13/12/05
Wealth tax — Allowance granted to resident
but not non-resident taxpayers — Allowance available to residents of third
state under double tax convention — Whether infraction of free movement of
capital — EC Treaty, arts 56, 58 EC
D
v Inspecteur van de Belastingdienst/Particulieren/Ondernemingen buitenland te
Heerlen (Case C-376/03)
- [2006] 1 WLR 46
5/07/05
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| TRADE
MARK | Proprietor’s rights — Limitations — Right to prevent use of sign identical or similar to registered mark — Whether extending to use of sign in comparative advertising — Council Directive 89/104/EEC, art 5 — Council Directive 84/450/EEC (as amended by Parliament and Council Directive 97/55/EC), art 3a(1)
O2 Holdings Ltd and another v Hutchison 3G UK Ltd (Case C-533/06); [2008] WLR (D) 193
[2008] WLR (D) 193
12/06/08
Proprietor’s rights — Exhaustion — Parallel importation — — Council Directive 89/104/EEC (as amended by Agreement on European Area) (“the Directive”), art 7(2)
Boehringer Ingelheim KG and others v Swingward Ltd and others (No 2) (Case C-348/04)
[2007] WLR (D) 106
26/04/07
Proprietor’s rights — Registered trade marks with reputation — Risk of unfair advantage of distinctive character — Requirements for establishing — Council Regulation (EC) No 40/94, art 8(5)
SIGLA SA v Office for Harmonisation in the Internal Market (Trade Marks and Designs) (OHIM) (Elleni Holding BV, other party) (Case T-215/03)
[2007] WLR (D) 73
22/03/07
Infringement — Prohibitory order — “Special reasons” for not issuing order — Limited likelihood of further infringement — Powers under national law to penalise future infringement — Whether constituting special reasons — National court’s duties — Council Regulation (EC) No 40/94 of 20 December 1993 on the Community trade mark (OJ 1994 L11, p 1), art 98(1)
Nokia Corp v Wärdell (Case C-316/05)
[2007] WLR (D) 27
14/02/07
Registration — Marks capable of registration — “Sign” — Whether including all conceivable shapes of a device — Council Directive 89/104/EEC, art 2
Dyson Ltd v Registrar of Trade Marks (Case C-321/03)
[2007] WLR (D) 10
25/01/07
Registration — Grounds for refusal — Term lacking distinctive character or descriptive in language of one EC member state — Whether ground for refusal of registration in another state — Council Directive 89/104/EEC, art 3(1)(b), (c)
Matratzen Concord AG v Hukla Germany SA (Case C-421/04)
[2006] WLR (D) 70
9/03/06
Proprietor's rights
— Prohibition of use in course of trade in EC of branded goods without consent
— Goods in transit through EC or stored in warehouse — Whether "imported"
— Whether capable of prohibition as being offered for sale — Council
Directive 89/104, art 5 — Council Regulation No 40/94, art 9
Class
International BV v Colgate-Palmolive Co and others (Case C-405/03)
- [2006] Ch 154; [2006] 2 WLR 507
18/10/05
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