WLR Daily: Subject Matter Search

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BARRISTER

Conduct of case — Practice — Person called to Bar falling within, and complying with, certain conditions of Code of Conduct of Bar of England and Wales but not possessing practising certificate — Provision by him of immigration services or immigration advice and services — Whether “qualified” to provide such advice or services — Immigration and Asylum Act 1999, ss 84, 86, 91
R v K [2008] EWCA Crim 1900; [2008] WLR (D) 294
[2008] WLR (D) 294
14/08/08

COSTS

Wasted costs order — Legal representatives — Defendant refusing to attend his trial — Legal representatives withdrawing — Judge holding that withdrawal frustrating the trial of the defendant in his absence — Judge making wasted costs order against solicitor — Whether wasted costs order justified
In re Boodhoo
[2007] WLR (D) 9
26/01/07

CONTEMPT OF COURT

Breach of restraint order — Jurisdiction — Defendant allegedly breaching restraint order prohibiting him dealing with certain property pending his criminal trial — Prosecution applying to the Crown Court for defendant to be committed for contempt of court— Whether Crown Court having jurisdiction to entertain application
R v M; [2008] WLR (D) 297
[2008] WLR (D) 297
14/08/08

Court proceedings — Restrictions on reporting — Criminal trial taking place partly in camera — Exchange in open court which should have occurred in camera — Whether power to restrict publication — Whether contempt of court to publish speculation as to in camera evidence — Contempt of Court Act 1981 (c 49), ss 4(2), 11
In re Times Newspapers Ltd and others [2007] EWCA Crim 1925
- [2008] 1 WLR 234
30/07/07

CRIME

Plea — Fitness to plead — Two among several defendants found unfit to plead — Jury yet to be empanelled — Judge finding single jury incapable in principle of hearing case against fit and unfit defendants together — Whether such conclusion correct
R v B and others: [2008] WLR (D) 296
[2008] WLR (D) 296
15/08/08

Evidence — Character — Defendant’s bad character —Evidence admitted to show propensity — Cross-admissibility of evidence relating to two or more counts in same indictment — Appropriate direction to jury — Criminal Justice Act 2003, ss 98, 101(1)(d)
R v Freeman; R v Crawford [2008] EWCA Crim 1863; [2008] WLR (D) 287
[2008] WLR (D) 286
08/08/08

Restraint order — Solicitors acting for client facing investigation by RCPO — Client paying money on account — Solicitors’ professional fees amounting to more than money held — Restraint order made against client — Whether solicitors prohibited from transferring money from client account to office account in payment of their fees
Irwin Mitchell v Revenue and Customs Prosecutions and another [2008] EWCA Crim 1741; [2008] WLR (D) 282
[2008] WLR (D) 282
30/07/08

Sentence — Confiscation — Benefit — Excise duty fraud — Proprietor of business and employee co-conspirators — Employee paid to participate — Whether benefit amount employee paid or amount of duty evaded — Customs and Excise Management Act 1979, s 170(2) — Proceeds of Crime Act 2002, ss 6-7
R v Sivaraman
[2008] WLR (D) 256
24/07/08

Sentence — Imprisonment — Whether power to sentence for further offences beyond minimum period when prisoner serving indeterminate sentence — Powers of the Criminal Courts (Sentencing) Act 2000 (c 43), s 154 — Criminal Justice Act 2003 (c 44), s 264
R v Hills; R v Pomfret; R v Davies; [2008] WLR (D) 25
[2008] WLR (D) 251
17/07/08

Sentence — Life imprisonment — Appellant sentenced to life imprisonment for murder — Whole life term specified — Whether sentence without prospect of release constituting inhuman treatment — Whether whole life term in fact irreducible — Human Rights Act 1998 (c 42), Sch 1, Pt I, art 3
R v Bieber; [2008] WLR (D) 249
[2008] WLR (D) 249
23/07/08

Miscarriage of justice — Statutory compensation — Court of Appeal quashing claimant’s conviction as unsafe — Whether ipso facto miscarriage of justice — Whether defendant entitled to compensation where innocence not established beyond reasonable doubt— Criminal Justice Act 1988, s 133 — Human Rights Act 1998, Sch 1, Pt 1, art 6(2) — International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1977) (Cmnd 6702, art 14(6)
R (Harris) v Secretary of State for the Home Department; [2008] WLR (D) 237
[2008] WLR (D) 237
15/07/08

Restraint order — Unsecured third party creditor applying to have restraint order varied to pay judgment debt — Whether power to vary restraint order to allow for payment of such debt — Proceeds of Crime Act 2002, s 69
Serious Fraud Office v Lexi Holdings plc (in Administration) and M [2008] EWCA Crim 1443
[2008] WLR (D) 235
10/07/08

Aiding and abetting — Conspiracy — Appellants charged with conspiracy to aid and abet production of controlled drug — Whether agreement to aid and abet capable of constituting criminal conspiracy — Criminal Law Act 1977 (c 45), s 1
R v Kenning; R v Blackshaw; R v Fenwick; [2008] WLR (D) 212
[2008] WLR (D) 212
24/06/08

Copyright infringement — Circumvention of effective technological measures — Sale of devices enabling playing on games consoles of games copied in breach of copyright — Whether effective technological measures must physically prevent and not merely discourage or hinder infringement of copyright — Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, ss 296ZB, 296ZF
R v Higgs [2008] EWCA Crim 1324; [2008] WLR (D) 211
[2008] WLR (D) 211
24/06/08

Homicide — Diminished responsibility — Defendant intoxicated when killing victim — Defendant suffering from alcohol dependency syndrome — Whether diminished responsibility — Whether judge misdirecting jury — Homicide Act 1957, s 2(1)
R v Wood [2008] EWCA Crim 1305; [2008] WLR (D) 204
[2008] WLR (D) 204
20/06/08

Restraint order — External request — Judge making order in respect of property both within and outside England and Wales — Whether power to do so — Proceeds of Crime Act 2002, ss 444, 447(4) — Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 (External Requests and Orders) Order 2005 (SI 2005/3181), art 8(1)(4)
King v Serious Fraud Office [2008] EWCA Crim 530; [2008] WLR (D) 147
[2008] WLR (D) 147
18/03/08

Evidence — Admissibility — Non-compellable wife refusing to give evidence at husband’s trial — Wife’s previous statement to police admitted — Whether properly admitted — Whether police having duty to warn wife that non-compellable before taking statement — Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (c 60), s 80 — Criminal Justice Act 2003 (c 44), s 114
R v L [2008] EWCA Crim 973; [2008] WLR (D) 142
[2008] WLR (D) 142
07/05/08

Terrorism — “Safety” interviews — Whether evidence obtained from defendant during “safety” interview admissible against him at his subsequent trial — Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984, s 78, Code C — Terrorism Act 2000, Sch 8, paras 7-9
R v Ibrahim and others [2008] EWCA Crim 880; [2008] WLR (D) 127
[2008] WLR (D) 127
23/04/08

Restraint order — Risk of dissipation of assets — No evidence of any attempt to dissipate assets — Whether appropriate to make restraint order — Proceeds of Crime Act 2002, ss 40-43
In re B; [2008] WLR (D) 117
[2008] WLR (D) 117
17/04/08

Children, offences by — Children between ages of 10 and 14 — Presumption of doli incapax — Child causing another child under 13 to engage in sexual activity — Whether concept of doli incapax surviving abolition of presumption — Crime and Disorder Act 1998, s 34
R v T [2008] EWCA Crim 815; [2008] WLR (D) 115
[2008] WLR (D) 115
16/04/08

Sentence — Young offenders — Serious specified sexual offence — Defendant under 18 convicted of specified offences — Whether “serious” if maximum sentence less than 10 years’ imprisonment because offender under 18 — Sexual Offences Act 2003, ss 11, 12, 13 — Criminal Justice Act 2003, ss 224, 225, 226, 228
R v Blythe; [2008] WLR (D) 109
[2008] WLR (D) 109
04/04/08

Evidence — Video recording — Statutory provisions for special measures directions brought into force by statutory instrument — Statute providing that special measure not to be taken by court as being available unless notified by Secretary of State — Husband charged with raping wife — Wife interviewed by police— Court making special measures direction enabling video recording of interview to be admitted as evidence in chief — Defendant convicted — Whether power to make direction absent notification from Secretary of State — Whether evidence admissible — Whether conviction safe — Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999, s 18(2)(a), 27(1) — Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999 (Commencement No 7) Order 2002, art 2
R v R (Video Recording: Admissibility) [2008] EWCA Crim 678; [2008] WLR (D) 95
[2008] WLR (D) 95
04/04/08

Evidence — Character — Defendant’s bad character — Defendant charged with murder — Prosecution adducing evidence of defendant having committed similar assaults on earlier occasion — Whether prosecution’s decision not to prosecute earlier offences having adverse effect on fairness of proceedings making evidence inadmissible — Criminal Justice Act 2003, s 101(1)(d), 103(1)(a)
R v Ngyuen [2008] EWCA Crim 585; [2008] WLR (D) 94
[2008] WLR (D) 94
18/03/08

Mantrap — "Engine calculated to ... inflict grievous bodily harm" — Object made of heavy steel plate with 4" nails protruding at different angles designed to fall on person entering premises — Whether "engine" — Offences against the Person Act 1861, s 31
R v Cockburn [2008] EWCA Crim 316; WLR (D) 65
WLR (D) 65
28/02/08

Proceeds of crime — Acquiring or possessing criminal property —Calculation of value of defendant’s benefit at material time — Meaning of “market value” of criminal property acquired or possessed — Proceeds of Crime Act 2002, ss 76(7), 79, 80, 329
R v Rose; R v Whitwam [2008] EWCA Crim 239
[2008] WLR (D) 55
21/02/08

Terrorism — Possessing article for terrorist purpose — Whether direct connection required between object possessed and act of terrorism — Whether possession of document for purpose of inciting another to commit act of terrorism sufficient — Terrorism Act 2000 (c 11), s 57
R v Zafar; R v Malik; R v Raja; R v Iqbal; R v Butt [2008] EWCA Crim 184
- [2008] 2 WLR 1013
13/02/08

Terrorism — Collection of information for terrorist purposes — Defendant charged with possessing document likely to be useful to person planning terrorist act — Whether document having to provide practical assistance — Whether mere encouragement sufficient — Terrorism Act 2000 (c 11), s 58
R v K [2008] EWCA Crim 185
[2008] WLR (D) 47
13/02/08

Evidence — Hearsay — Statement made out of court —Judge ruling on admissibility of hearsay evidence — Whether ruling relating to “offences included in … indictment” —Whether prosecutor having right to appeal — Whether new statutory powers to admit hearsay evidence in interests of justice prevailing over preserved common law rules — Criminal Justice Act 2003, ss 58, 114(1)(d), 118(1)5
R v Y [2008] EWCA Crim 10; [2008] WLR (D) 15
[2008] WLR (D) 15
25/01/08

Acquittal — Order for retrial — Defendant acquitted of victim's murder — Defendant later admitting murdering victim and pleading guilty to perjury — Statute then enacted allowing retrial of acquitted defendants where new and compelling evidence — Whether plea compelling evidence that defendant committed murder — Whether acquittal to be quashed — Whether in interests of justice for defendant to be retried — Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984, s 74 — Criminal Justice Act 2003, ss 76, 78
R v Miell [2007] EWCA Crim 3130; [2007] WLR(D) 2
- [2008] 1 WLR 627
21/12/07

Practice — Alternative verdicts — Circumstances in which judge to leave alternative verdict to jury
R v Foster; R v Newman; R v Kempster; R v Birmingham [2007] EWCA Crim 2869
[2007] WLR (D) 317
30/11/07

Homicide — Soliciting to murder — Defendant accused of soliciting others to carry out murder as secondary parties — Whether amounting to statutory offence of soliciting to murder — Whether offence limited to soliciting principal party — Offences Against the Person Act 1861 (24 & 25 Vict c 100) (as amended by Criminal Law Act 1977 (c 45), s 1(10)), s 4
R v Winter
[2007] WLR (D) 314
28/11/07

Sexual offences — Complainant’s sexual history — Statutory restriction on calling evidence and cross-examination of complainant on sexual history — Whether still in force following amending legislation — Effect of absence of savings provision — Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999, ss 41, 62 — Sexual Offences Act 2003, s 139, Sch 6, para 141
Regina v Cartwright [2007] EWCA Crim 2581
[2007] WLR (D) 293
7/11/07

Sentence — Offenders assisting investigations and prosecutions — Sentencing guidelines — Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005, ss 71-75
R v P; R v Blackburn [2007] EWCA Crim 2290
[2007] WLR (D) 278
22/10/07

Practice — Trial — Defendant’s instructions to legal representatives changing at conclusion of prosecution evidence — Legal representatives permitted to withdraw on grounds of professional embarrassment — Judge refusing new representatives’ application for two week adjournment — New representatives also withdrawing —Trial continuing with defendant unrepresented — Whether trial fair — Circumstances in which barristers and solicitors might withdraw
R v Ulcay [2007] EWCA Crim 2379
[2007] WLR (D) 272
19/10/07

Sexual offence — Controlling prostitution for gain — Meaning of “control” — Sexual Offences Act 2003, s 53(1)
R v Massey
- [2008] 1 WLR 937
19/10/07

Court of Appeal (Criminal Division) — Prosecutor’s appeal — Judge refusing to adjourn trial further after repeated failure by complainant to attend — Whether prosecutor having right to appeal against such ruling — Criminal Justice Act 2003, s 58
R v Clark
[2007] WLR (D) 247
09/10/07

Outraging public decency contrary to common law — Nature of relevant act not seen — Whether offence requiring two or more members of the public to be present seeing, or capable of seeing, the nature of the act
R v Hamilton [2007] EWCA Crim 2062
- [2008] 2 WLR 107
16/08/07

Escape from lawful custody — Offender released from open prison under temporary release provisions — Defendant failing to return at required time — Whether failure to return amounting to common law offence of escape — Prison Rules 1999 (SI 1999/728), r 9
R v Montgomery
- [2008] 1 WLR 636
31/07/07

Court of Appeal (Criminal Division) — Practice — References by Criminal Cases Review Commission following change in the law — Whether Commission to take into account practice of Court of Appeal (Criminal Division) of refusing to extend time in which to apply for leave to appeal in such cases
R v Cottrell; R v Fletcher [2007] EWCA Crim 2016
[2007] WLR (D) 234
31/07/07

Practice — Special measures directions — Defendant on medication and wishing to give evidence and participate in trial via live video link — Statutory power to make directions in respect of witnesses other than defendant — Whether court having inherent power to make directions in respect of defendant — Human Rights Act 1998 (c 42), Sch. 1, Pt I, art 6 — Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999 (c 23), Pt II, Ch I
R v Ukpabio
- [2008] 1 WLR 728
30/07/07

Evidence — Hearsay — Witness unavailable at trial — Hearsay evidence sole or decisive evidence against defendant — Whether admissible — Whether compatible with right to fair trial — Human Rights Act 1998, Sch 1, Pt I, art 6 — Criminal Justice Act 2003, s 116
R v Cole;
R v Keets [2007] EWCA Crim 1924
[2007] WLR (D) 227
30/07/07

Conspiracy — Laundering proceeds of crime — Defective indictments — Whether misdirections arising from defects causing convictions to be unsafe
R v El-Kurd
R v Sakavickas and another;
R v Rana Singh: [2007] EWCA Crim 1888
[2007] WLR (D) 218
26/07/07

Evidence — Character — Defendant charged with four counts alleging robbery — Crown’s case on each count depending on circumstantial evidence relating to all four counts as a whole — Evidence on other counts previously admissible at common law as relevant circumstantial evidence — Evidence adduced and defendant convicted — Whether amounting to bad character evidence — Whether court’s permission required to adduce it — Whether convictions safe — Criminal Justice Act 2003, ss 98, 101(d), 112(2)
R v Wallace
- [2008] 1 WLR 572
16/07/07

Evidence — Character — Defendant’s previous convictions admitted to show propensity to commit offences charged — Whether relevant to credibility — Criminal Justice Act 2003 (c 44), s 101
R v Campbell [2007] EWCA Crim 1472
- [2008] 1 WLR 74
26/06/07

Sentence — Imprisonment for Public Protection — Offences straddling commencement date of new sentencing provisions — Determination of day when offence committed — Principles applicable — Criminal Justice Act 2003, ss 224-228, 229, 234
R v Harries and others
[2007] WLR (D) 161
06/06/07

Homicide — Causing or allowing death of child or vulnerable person — Defendant’s child killed by unlawful act of partner in same household — Judge directing jury that “significant” risk of harm by unlawful act meaning “more than minimal” risk — Whether judge wrong to direct jury on meaning of word “significant” — Whether “significant” bearing ordinary meaning — Domestic Violence, Crime and Victims Act 2004, s 5(1)(c)
R v Mujuru and another [2007] EWCA Crim 1249
2007] WLR (D) 157
25/05/07

Drugs — Confiscation order — Offender convicted of conspiracy to commit drug trafficking offences — Co-conspirators jointly receiving proceeds of drugs sales on behalf of offender and co-conspirators — Judge including whole amount received by co-conspirators in value of offenders proceeds of trafficking — Whether amount to be apportioned between defendants — Drug Trafficking Act 1994, s 4(1)(b)
R v Green [2007] EWCA Crim 1248
[2007] WLR (D) 156
25/05/07

Evidence — Character — Co-defendant’s bad character — Defendant on murder charge seeking to adduce evidence of co-defendant’s confession of earlier murder — Application made during trial — Judge concluding application made to “ambush” of co-defendant’s defence and excluding evidence as breaching procedural rules — Whether jurisdiction to exclude evidence — Criminal Justice Act 2003, ss 101(1)(3), 111 — Criminal Procedure Rules 2005 (SI 2005/384), r 35
R v Musone [2007] EWCA Crim 1237
[2007] WLR (D) 152
23/05/07

Evidence — Bad character — Crown seeking to adduce evidence of defendant’s misconduct — Whether evidence to do with facts of offence and thereby excluded from bad character provisions — Whether exclusion requiring nexus in time between misconduct and offence — Criminal Justice Act 2003, s 98(a)
R v Tirnaveanu [2007] EWCA Crim 1239
[2007] WLR (D) 151
24/05/07

Kidnapping — Carrying away by fraud — Defendant inducing victims to move unaccompanied from place to place by fraudulent misrepresentation — Whether kidnapping — Whether deprivation of liberty required
R v Hendy-Freegard [2007] EWCA Crim 1236
- [2008] QBD 57
23/05/07

Sexual offences — Attempt to cause or incite child under 13 to engage in sexual activity — Entrapment — Undercover police officer posing as child — Defendant inciting police officer to sexual activity — Whether substantive offence requiring incitement of identifiable child — Whether defendant entrapped into committing offence — Sexual Offences Act 2003 (c 42), s 8
R v Jones [2007] EWCA Crim 1118
[2007] WLR (D) 128
15/05/07

Sexual offences — Rape — Consent — Complainant consuming substantial quantity of alcohol — Whether capable of consenting to sexual intercourse — Criminal Justice Act 2003, ss 1, 74
Regina v Bree [2007] EWCA Crim 256
[2007] WLR (D) 75
26/03/07

Sentence — Appeal against sentence — Extended sentence wrongly imposed — Mandatory requirement to impose indeterminate sentence — Whether Court of Appeal bound to impose increased sentence — Criminal Appeal Act 1968, s 11(3) — Criminal Justice Act 2003, ss 225, 226
R v Reynolds; R v Lubwama; R v Webb; R v Honore; R v Slaney; R v Downing; R v Skerritt; R v Thompson [2007] EWCA Crim 538
[2007] WLR (D) 65
08/03/07

Proceeds of crime — “Criminal property” — Money exchange business dealing with cash representing undeclared turnover of legitimate business — Whether cash proceeds of cheating the Revenue — Whether cash amounting to criminal property — Proceeds of Crime Act 2002, ss 328, 340
Regina v K [2007] EWCA Crim 491
[2007] WLR (D) 63
14/03/07

Official secrets — Damaging disclosure — Lack of knowledge or reasonable belief that disclosure relating to defence or international relations and damaging — Whether reverse legal burden of proof compatible with presumption of innocence — Whether to be read down as imposing evidential burden only — Official Secrets Act 1989, ss 2, 3 — Human Rights Act 1998, Sch 1, Pt I, art 6(2)
R v Keogh
[2007] WLR (D) 54
7/02/07

Homicide — Murder — Joint enterprise — Principal party fatally stabbing victim — Secondary parties claiming no knowledge of principal’s intention to kill — Whether jury to be directed that secondary parties guilty only if aware that principal might have had intention to kill rather than to cause grievous bodily harm
R v Rahman and others [2007] EWCA Crim 342
[2007] WLR (D) 36
23/02/07

Failed asylum seeker — Travel documentation — Failed asylum seeker refusing to provide information for travel documentation to facilitate deportation — Whether fear of return to country of origin capable of constituting reasonable excuse — Asylum and Immigration (Treatment of Claimants etc) Act 2004, s 35(3)
R v Tabnak
[2007] WLR (D) 30
19/02/07

Terrorism — Collecting information — Terrorist activities planned in UK against foreign governments — Whether extending to tyrannical governments or dictators — Whether defence of “reasonable excuse” available if terrorist activities aimed at overthrow of tyrannical government — Terrorism Act 2000, ss 1, 58
R v F (Terrorism) [2007] EWCA Crim 243
[2007] WLR (D) 28
16/02/07

Sexual offences — Sexual assault — Self-induced intoxication — Defendant accused of intentional touching — Whether intoxication relevant to or negating defendant’s intention — Sexual Offences Act 2003, s 3
R v Heard
- [2008] QBD 43
13/02/07

Sentence — Time spent on remand — Court required to make specific order — Correction of errors — Powers of Criminal Courts (Sentencing) Act 2000, s 155 — Criminal Justice Act 2003, s 240
R v Gordon;
R v D;
R v Taylor;
R v Pusey;
R v Shaukat;
R v McManus [2007] EWCA Crim 165
[2007] WLR (D) 23
8/01/07

False instrument — Defendants presenting themselves with false identity cards as French nationals — Defendants charged with offences of possessing a false identity document with the requisite intent — Whether offence capable of being committed in the absence of existence of National Identity Register — Identity Cards Act 2006, ss 1, 25
R v Soule Ali and another
[2007] WLR (D) 4
23/01/07

Evidence — Admissibility — Confession by co-accused — Co-accused pleading guilty and not called as witness — Whether “another person charged in the same proceedings” as defendant — Whether confession admissible in evidence for defendant — Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984, s 76A (as inserted by Criminal Justice Act 2003, s 128(1)) — Criminal Justice Act 2003, s 114(1)(d)
R v Finch
[2007] WLR (D) 3
15/01/07

Public order — Racially aggravated offence — Defendant racially abusing police officer while held in police cell — Whether defence to charge — Whether police cell “home or other living accommodation” — Public Order Act 1986, ss 4A (as inserted by Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994,m s. 154), 8 — Crime and Disorder Act 1998, s 31
R v Francis
[2006] WLR (D) 310
21/12/06

Homicide — Incitement to murder — Defendant inciting persons to commit murder abroad — Whether necessary for persons incited to be British nationals — Offences against the Person Act 1861, s 4
R v Abu Hamza [2006] EWCA Crim 2918 - [2007] 2 WLR 226
28/11/06

Sentence — Life imprisonment— Determination of minimum term — Transitional provisions — Defendants applying for minimum term to be reviewed — Whether exceptional progress in prison to be taken into account for purposes of resetting minimum term — Criminal Justice Act 2003, ss 269, 276, Sch 21, 22
R v Caines; R v Roberts [2006] EWCA Crim 2915
[2006] WLR (D) 284
23/11/06

Court of Appeal (Criminal Division) — Jurisdiction — Crown applying for leave to appeal judge’s ruling dismissing charges against defendant — Whether right of appeal existing — Crime and Disorder Act 1998, s 51, Sch 3, para 2 — Criminal Justice Act 2003, s 58
R v Thompson and another [2006] EWCA Crim 2849
[2006] WLR (D) 281
22/11/06

Evidence — Character — Defendant’s bad character — Defendant’s previous convictions in Poland — Whether admissible — Criminal Justice Act 2003, s 99(1)
R v Kordasinski
[2006] WLR (D) 268
7/11/06

Sexual offences — Prevention order — Defendant convicted of exposure and sentenced to six months’ imprisonment — Sexual offences prevention order imposed — Whether open to judge to impose order when extended sentence not required — Sexual Offences Act 2003, ss 66, 104, 106 — Criminal Justice Act 2003, s 227
R v Richards [2006] EWCA Crim 2519
[2006] WLR (D) 262
27/10/06

Sentence — Protection of public from dangerous offenders — Assessing “dangerousness” — Further guidelines on sentencing — Criminal Justice Act 2003, s 229
Regina v Johnson
Regina v Hamilton
Regina v Lawton
Attorney General’s Reference (No 64 of 2006) (Andrew Jones)
Regina v Gordon
[2006] WLR (D) 252
20/10/06

Mens rea — Statutory offence — Unlawful low flying — Whether offence of strict liability — Air Force Act 1955, s 51
R v Jackson [2006] EWCA Crim 2380
[2006] WLR (D) 245
17/10/06

Court of Appeal (Criminal Division) — Jurisdiction — Judgment handed down in absence of one member of court — Whether appeal legally determined on that date — Supreme Court Act 1981, s 55
R v Steele and others
[2006] WLR (D) 210
31/07/06

Abuse of process – Relevance of earlier care proceedings – Judge in care proceedings unable to find whether defendant or partner responsible for death of child – Criminal proceedings brought against defendant in respect of death – Whether abuse of process – Whether criminal proceedings to be stayed
R v L [2006] EWCA Crim 1902 - [2006] 1 WLR 3092
27/07/06

Drugs — Confiscation order — Defendant seeking certificate of inadequacy in relation to confiscation order — Attempt to challenge Crown Court judge’s findings as to realisable assets — Whether abuse of process — Drug Trafficking Act 1994, s 17
In re McKinsley
[2006] WLR (D) 197
25/07/06

Sexual offence — Causing child to watch sexual act for purpose of obtaining sexual gratification — Whether temporal restriction on contemplated sexual gratification — Sexual Offences Act 2003, s 12(1)
R v Abdullahi
[2006] WLR (D) 196
24/07/06

Recklessly making misleading statement — Confiscation order — Whether salary from company after discovery of offences “benefit” — Whether unrealised increase in value of defendant’s shares “benefit” or "pecuniary advantage" — Criminal Justice Act 1988 (c 33), s 71(4), (5) — Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (c 8), s 397(1)(c)
R v Rigby and another [2006] EWCA Crim 1653 - [2006] 1 WLR 3067
12/07/06

Proceeds of crime — Assisting another person to retain proceeds of crime knowing or suspecting that other person’s engagement in criminal conduct — Judge’s direction to jury on meaning of “suspecting” by reference to dictionary definition — Whether appropriate to define ordinary English word — Criminal Justice Act 1988, s 93A(1)(a) (as inserted by Criminal Justice Act 1993, s 29)
R v Da Silva:[2006] EWCA Crim 1654
[2006] WLR (D) 182
11/07/06

Sentence — Confiscation order — Application for confiscation order — Defendants convicted of drugs offences but having no assets — Confiscation order likely to cause hardship to defendants — Whether amounting to serious risk of injustice entitling judge not to make order — Proceeds of Crime Act 2002, s 10(6)(b)
R v Jones and others - [2007] 1 WLR 7
10/07/06

Practice — Preparatory hearing — Trial judge refusing defendant’s application for disclosure of unused prosecution material — Whether ruling for purpose of identifying issues “likely to be material to the verdict of the jury” or “assisting the judge’s management of the trial” — Whether right of appeal — Criminal Procedure and Investigations Act 1996 (c 25), s 29
R v H (Interlocutory Application: Disclosure)
[2006] WLR (D) 174
7/07/06

Evidence — Witness — Anonymous witness — Evidence of anonymous witnesses decisive of outcome of trial — Whether conviction safe
R v Davis (Iain);
R v Ellis and others [2006] EWCA Crim 1155 - [2006] 1 WLR 3130
19/05/06

Crime and disorder — Anti-social behaviour order — Prohibition against going within 500m of certain establishments — Defendant breaching order — Whether ignorance, forgetfulness or misunderstanding capable of giving rise to defence of “reasonable excuse” — Crime and Disorder Act 1998, s 1(10)
R v Nicholson - [2006] 1 WLR 2857
15/05/06

Evidence — Bad character — Judge’s duty to stop case where prosecution case contaminated — Criminal Justice Act 2003, s 107
R v Card [2006] EWCA Crim 1079
[2006] WLR (D) 125
11/05/06

Sexual offences — Rape of child under 13 — Defendant aged 15 having consensual intercourse with 12-year-old believing her to be 15 — Whether absolute offence compatible with defendant’s human rights — Human Rights Act 1998, Sch I, Pt 1, arts 6(2), 8 — Sexual Offences Act 2003, s 5
R v G (Secretary of State for the Home Department intervening) [2006] EWCA Crim 821 - [2006] 1 WLR 2052
12/04/06

Sentence — Deportation, recommendation for — Foreign national convicted of offences and recommended for deportation by sentencing court — Offender settled with family in United Kingdom — Whether sentencing court required to consider effect on family or offender’s Convention rights — Immigration Act 1971, s 3(6) — Human Rights Act 1998, Sch 1, Pt I, arts 2, 3, 8
R v Carmona [2006] EWCA Crim 508 - [2006] 1 WLR 2264
14/03/06

Sentence — Confiscation order — Money laundering — Determination of value of benefit — Determination of amount realisable — Criminal Justice Act 1988, ss 71(4), 74(4)
Regina v Glatt [2006] EWCA Crim 605
[2006] WLR (D) 78
17/03/06

Sentence — Unduly lenient sentence — Application to refer sentence as unduly lenient on basis of psychiatric reports produced after sentence passed — Whether open to Court of Appeal to take into account new material not before sentencing judge — Criminal Justice Act 1988, s 36
Attorney General’s Reference (No 19 of 2005)
R v B (WP)
[2006] WLR (D) 77
16/03/06

Child, indecent photograph of — Data on computer — Files containing indecent pictures on computer deleted but remaining in hard drive — Defendant not having software to retrieve or gain access to pictures — Whether defendant in possession — Criminal Justice Act 1988, s 160(1)
R v Porter - [2006] 1 WLR 2633
16/03/06

Determination of charge within reasonable time — Stay of indictment on ground of delay — Exercise of judge’s discretion — Principles to be applied
R v S
[2006] WLR (D) 62
6/03/06

Practice — Application to quash acquittal — Whether reporting restrictions to apply to fact of application and order made — Criminal Justice Act 2003, ss 76-82
In re D (Acquitted Person: Retrial) - [2006] 1 WLR 1998
27/02/06

Forgery — False instrument — Statutory defence — Defendant claiming to be refugee — Burden of proof — Forgery and Counterfeiting Act 1981, s 3 — Immigration and Asylum Act 1999, s 31(1)
R v Makuwa: [2006] EWCA Crim 175 - [2006] 1 WLR 2755
23/02/06

Evidence — Hearsay — Whether common law rule against admissibility of hearsay abolished — Criminal Justice Act 2003, ss 114, 115, 118
Regina v Singh - [2006] 1 WLR 1564
23/02/06

Unlawful interception of communications — Statutory defence — Person with right to control operation or use of system — Whether right to access or operate system sufficient — Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000, ss 1(2), (6)(a)
R v Stanford - [2006] 1 WLR 1554
1/02/06

Crime — Drugs — Possession of controlled drug — Defendant claiming possession for purpose of alleviating pain — Whether defence of necessity available — Human Rights Act 1998, Sch 1, Pt 1, art 3
R v Altham: [2006] EWCA (Crim) 7 - [2006] 1 WLR 3287
24/01/06

CROWN COURT

Practice — Reporting restrictions — Father convicted of possessing indecent images of children — Judge granting injunction restraining media from identifying father or his convictions in order to protect his children from harm — Children neither witnesses in proceedings nor victims of offences — Whether jurisdiction to grant injunction — Supreme Court Act 1981, s 45(4)
In re Trinity Mirror plc and others [2008] EWCA Crim 50; [2008] WLR (D) 27
[2008] WLR (D) 27
01/02/08

Practice — Hearing in camera — Judge granting prosecution’s application for part of hearing to be in camera — Whether appeal against order to be determined without a hearing — Whether discretion to conduct oral hearing — Criminal Justice Act 1988, s 159 — Criminal Procedure Rules 2005 (SI 2005/384) r 67.2
R (A and others) v Central Criminal Court
[2006] WLR (D) 4
13/01/06

HEALTH AND SAFETY

Statutory offence — Employer's liability — Duty not to expose public to risks to health or safety — Child injured when jumping down school playground steps — Whether exposed to risk by lack of supervision — Whether requirement to guard against risks of everyday life — Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974, s 3(1)
R v Porter; [2008] WLR (D) 167
[2008] WLR (D) 167
19/05/08

Statutory offence — Liability of officer of body corporate — Prosecution alleging health and safety offences by body corporate “attributable to any neglect” of corporate officer — Whether requiring officer’s actual knowledge of facts giving rise to offence — Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974 (c 37), s 37(1)
R v P Ltd and another
- [2008] ICR 96
11/07/07

HOUSING

Housing benefit — Entitlement — Requirement to notify change of circumstances affecting entitlement — Whether defendant’s formation of company from which he received no money requiring notification — Social Security Administration Act 1992, s111A(1A) (as inserted by Social Security Fraud Act 2006, s16(1)(b)(2))
R v Passmore
[2007] WLR(D) 165
18/06/07

JUDICIAL PRECEDENT

Court of Appeal —How far binding — Ruling made at preparatory hearing overturned on appeal — Subsequent Court of Appeal decision holding earlier case decided per incuriam — Whether judge in first case bound to follow later decision — Criminal Procedure and Investigations Act 1996, s 31(11)
Regina v M and others (No 2)
[2007] WLR (D) 109
27/04/07

House of Lords’ decision — Conflict of authority — Judicial Committee of Privy Council composed of nine members — Whether Privy Council’s decision effectively overruling earlier House of Lords’ decision
R v James;
R v Karimi
- [2006] QB 588; [2006] 2 WLR 887
25/01/06

PARTNERSHIP

Liability of firm — Criminal offence — Indictment charging partnership with offence — Whether properly indicted — Whether individual partners liable in confiscation proceedings — Sea Fishing (Enforcement of Community Control Measures) Order 2000 (SI 2000/51), arts 3, 11(2)
R v W Stevenson & Sons (A Partnership) [2008] EWCA Crim 273; WLR (D) 60
WLR (D) 60
25/02/08

PRISONS

Prisoners’ rights — Release on licence — Claimant sentenced to determinate sentence —Secretary of State recalling claimant to prison for breach of licence condition —Review by Parole Board —Whether Parole Board entitled to consider only breach of licence condition or all circumstances — Criminal Justice Act 1991, s 33 — Criminal Justice Act 2003, ss 239, 254
R (Gulliver) v Parole Board
[2007] WLR(D) 190
04/07/07

PUBLIC HEALTH

Pollution, control of – Causing polluting matter to enter controlled waters – Escape of heating oil from fractured pipe of tank owned by golf club – Whether golf club could be prosecuted as unincorporated association – Whether individual defendants without personal culpability could be prosecuted – Water Resources Act 1991, ss 85(1), 217(1) – Interpretation Act 1978, s 5, Schedule 1
R v RL and JF [2008] EWCA Crim 1970; [2008] WLR (D) 299
[2008] WLR (D) 299
28/08/08

ROAD TRAFFIC

Dangerous driving — Causing death by — Aiding and abetting — Defendant permitting driver to drive when intoxicated — Whether sufficient for prosecution merely to rely upon condition of the driver to prove offence — Road Traffic Act 1988, s 2A (as inserted by s 1 of the Road Traffic Act 1991)
R v Webster
[2006] WLR (D) 61
3/03/06

SHIPPING

"Ship" — Negligent navigation — Jet ski — Act likely to cause injury — Whether jet ski "vessel used in navigation" — Whether person riding jet ski liable to prosecution as master of vessel — Merchant Shipping Act 1995 (c 21) ss 58(2)(b), 313(1)
R v Goodwi n - [2006] 1 WLR 546
7/12/05

STATUTE

Construction — Procedural requirement — Consequence of failure to comply — Whether resulting in invalidity of purported action — Crime and Disorder Act 1998, s 51, Sch 3, para
R v Ashton;
R v Draz;
R v O’Reilly [2006] EWCA Crim 794
[2006] WLR (D) 99
6/04/06

Court of Appeal - Criminal Division- Crime

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